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发布日期：2025-05-21 18:12 点击次数：163
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师徒两代的呼吁：“仲景书与内经无关”
如果有一个人说“仲景书《伤寒论》与《黄帝内经》无关，是王叔和和成无已以经释论，造成的后人误读。”你会怎么想？你一定会认为这个人胆子真大，是不是在哗众取宠？如果这个人曾经是北京中医药大学的教授，是北京东直门医院资深名医，是中日友好医院资深中医大专家，不仅他的老师胡希恕在北京中医药大学执教时这样说，他自己也这样说，并且为了让更多的人知道，他为此在国内不停的办经方班，在国际不停的办经方班，还用尽了一生写书、写书、再写书，想让全天下的人都知道胡希恕与众不同的《伤寒论》解读，师徒两代人耗用了一生在呼吁，你又会怎么想？
你一定会扪心自问：难道他真是在为中医界的学术真相呐喊？难道自己读《伤寒论》总是读不懂、用不了，真的是因为受到了误导、错读？
2024年12月13日，在北京中医药大学东直门医院家属楼，年已八十七岁的冯世纶教授，面对摄相机，表述“仲景书与内经无关”时，依然显得心绪难平。
太多的人认为，胡希恕说仲景书与内经无关，是在反内经。真实的世界中，胡希恕根本没有反内经，相反，胡希恕在讲课时还经常引用内经。说仲景书与内经无关，本是想传达出“伤寒论和内经是两个不能混同的医学系统”，由于给了太多人反内经的错觉，所以胡希恕生前一直有意无意的被同事们排挤和孤立，和胡希恕同期的中医执教者，很多人比胡希恕年轻，都是主任，但是胡希恕一直到死，都还是副主任。
冯世纶选择做胡希恕的弟子，注定和他的老师一样，他的一生都在被别人另眼相看。冯世纶和他的老师胡希恕一样，有着一种坚持真理殉道者的悲壮，在他们老而弥坚的韧性中，还有着“传承经方，舍我其谁”的责任和担当。做中医人不易，做一代经方传人，更不易。
冯世纶教授祖藉河北农村，他出生时，新中国还没有成立，农村缺医少药是他青少年时期最深刻的感受。还是少年时，他的妹妹生了病得了肺炎，他和小脚母亲抱着妹妹步行到离家十多里外，去找医生看病，没有医生有能力治，没有医生敢收，回到家后，没有过几天，他的妹妹就死了，母亲失去女儿的痛苦，让看在眼中的冯世纶刻骨铭心。新中国成立后，北京中医学院（现在的北京中医药大学）招生，冯世纶成了共和国成立后北中医的第一批名老中医们带出来的学生。
他的老师们是董建华、张志纯、方耀中、岳美中、赵绍琴、刘渡舟、胡希恕等新中国第一批中医教育者，而他最终选择拜在了胡希恕门下，也成为国家体制内第二代中医从业者。现在的温病学泰斗刘景源，以及甘肃中医大学的胃病专家王道坤，都是冯世纶教授当年的同学，他们在回忆学生时期的日子，都清晰的记得冯世纶跟周信有在学校，边学中医边习武的情形。周信有评上国医大师之后就死了，周信有的父辈是开镖局的。今天的冯世纶教授已经八十七岁，看着像六十多岁的人，和早年习武有关，也和他对中医的深厚造诣有关。
冯世纶在众多的老师中选择跟师胡希恕，是因为胡希恕的临床疗效非常显著，要胜过同时代其他人，他以恩师胡希恕为骄傲，他是胡希恕学术思想坚定的拥护者和追随者。
1959年时，和冯世纶打过乒乓球的大师兄吴伯平得了非典型肺炎，发高烧，自汗盗汗，手脚冰凉，很多名家会诊了四次，打青霉素也不管用，用辛凉解表的轻剂、平剂、重剂都不管用，大家就请来胡希恕。胡老来看了以后说，表证不明显了，有汗出，没有恶寒，有口苦咽干往来寒热，脉弦数，有自汗盗汗，这就是有里热了，根据六经辩证，是少阳阳明合病了，不能再发汗了，就用了小柴胡加生石膏，半副药，烧退了。
因为患者痰里有血，第二副药里面加了生牡蛎，再透视，肺里阴影没有了。这个病例给了冯世纶教授很深的印象，以至于他在叙述这个病例时，一切仿佛就是发生在昨天。
纵观冯世纶教授的一生，他似乎不是在用经方临床，就是在整理和推广恩师胡希恕的讲课录音、学术思想出版过程中。没有冯世纶勤勤恳恳的默默付出，胡希恕的经方思想就不可能和刘渡舟一样名满天下。
冯世纶的老师胡希恕又名胡禧绪，1898年3月出生于辽宁省沈阳市北郊区东伍旗村。1915年至1919年就读于奉天省立第一中学。上中学时，国文老师看中了胡希恕等四人才华。一天，国文老师对学生们说：“我给你们讲中医，你们学中医吧！”“我们学那干啥呀？”同学们异口同声回答。国文老师感慨不已：“多像我当年回答老师的劝学啊！”原来国文老师名叫王祥徵，是河北乐亭人，为清末国子监举人培养出的进士，在国子监就学期间，某太医与其同室，看到徵为举人中最年轻者，才学横溢，多次劝其学医，皆回答：“学那干啥呀！”后谓曰：“不学医是为不忠君！”渐学医。秀才学医，如快刀斩豆腐，很快入门，对医感兴趣。学中每有常找太医诊病者，太医故推给徵看，治多验，更精求。徵中进士，竟想不到任湖南长沙县长，叹曰：“是我学长沙邪？”辛亥革命后，投奔沈阳同学李铁珊处任中学国文教师，并业余行医，不料名声四振……他洞观胡希恕等人聪敏才华，又为保医术不失传，故用心良苦，决意让他们学医，以成就仲景医学一代杰出传人。
王祥徵讲《伤寒杂病论》脱离脏腑，以八纲释六经，并主张结合近代科学，要继承，且要弘扬。大约两年讲完了《伤寒杂病论》。十几个学生中，有两个学得最好，胡希恕为其一，并于1919年参加沈阳市政公所中医考试，获取中医士证书。
1919年胡希恕考入北京通才商业专门学校（北京交通大学前身）学习，常与人诊病，疗效卓著，尤其是一年疟疾大流行，西医无策，求治者众，治一例愈一例，但未曾想行医。1924年至1927年曾在沈阳县立中学、辽阳县立中学、辽宁省立中学任英文教师。1928年至1935年任哈尔滨市电业公司会计股股长、特别市市政局事业股股长、市政公署营业股股长。日本侵占东北后，拒为侵略者服务，于1936年逃到北京，无奈悬壶行医，常与陈慎吾切磋医术，并约谢海洲等共同办学，传授中医学术，1952年北京市卫生局批准作为中医教育试点，开设北京私立中医学校，系统教授《伤寒论》、《金匮要略》、《神农本草经》、《内经》、《温病》等，自己主编教材，曾著有《伤寒论释义》、《金匮要略释义》、《温病条辨评注》、《伤寒金匮约言录》等书。受王祥徵影响，胡希恕教授《伤寒论》不用脏腑释六经，同时通过对《内经》、《神农本草经》等原文的研究，并参阅中外中医文献，提出了《伤寒杂病论》六经非《内经》脏腑经络概念，而是来自八纲的独特概念。胡希恕个人办学，直至1956年北京中医学院成立，先后培养学员近千人。
1958年调入北京中医学院任内科教授、附属医院学术委员顾问，更忙于临床和教学，名声大噪。北京中医药大学教授刘渡舟曾高度称赞胡希恕：“每当在病房会诊，群贤齐集，高手如云，惟先生能独排众议，不但辨证准确无误，而且立方遣药，虽寥寥几味，看似无奇，但效果非凡，常出人意料，此皆得力于仲景之学也”。1984年3月1日胡希恕先生与世长辞。
从胡希恕的人生历程我们可以看出，冯世纶教授尊崇的胡希恕的学术思想源头，来自清朝太医院，不是他脑子一热后胸脯乱说的。明清时期是中医学术发展的顶峰，清朝太医院代表着那个时代中医临床的最高水平，太医们对伤寒纶的解读方法，是非常值得重视的干货。想用好经方，还不想学习胡希恕的伤寒解读，或注定会南辕北辙。
经方与内经是两个医学体系，认清有利于临床
冯世纶教授认可并传播胡希恕“仲景书与内经无关”的观念，不是盲从，也有自己的理解和判断。他通过搜集并学习大量的医史资料后指出：中医发展史上，经方与医经作为两大重要流派，在秦汉时期均形成了三阴三阳理论框架，但其核心理念存在本质差异。经方的三阴三阳隶属于八纲辨证体系，指向疾病的六种证候类型；医经的三阴三阳则植根于经络脏腑理论，代表人体经络系统的六经分属。这种理论原点的不同，决定了两者在辨证逻辑、学术体系及临床应用上的截然不同。
经方医学以八纲为理论根基，其三阴三阳本质是对病位（表、里、半表半里）与病情（阴、阳）的二维解构：三阴为表阴证、里阴证、半表半里阴证，三阳为表阳证、里阳证、半表半里阳证，合称六证。该体系源于神农时代的单味药应用经验，通过《神农本草经》的单方方证积累，发展至《汤液经法》的复方方证实践，最终在仲景书中形成成熟的六证辨证体系。其认知路径遵循 '先辨病位（表、里）- 后识衍生病位（半表半里）- 再分病情阴阳' 的逻辑，半表半里作为表与里的中间地带，本质上仍属八纲病位概念。六证的形成是汉代以前数百年临床经验的总结，体现了 '据症施治、方证对应' 的实用主义医学特征。
医经医学以《黄帝内经》为代表，构建了以阴阳五行、脏腑经络为核心的理论体系。其三阴三阳指太阳经、少阳经、阳明经（三阳）与太阴经、少阴经、厥阴经（三阴），本质是对人体经络系统及脏腑功能的分类框架。医经辨证注重病因分析，强调 '原人血脉、经络、骨髓、阴阳、表里' 以明百病之本，治疗上侧重病因病机与脏腑经络的关联，形成了 '辨证求因、审因论治' 的学术特点。这种体系化建构注重理论推演，与经方医学基于症状反应的归纳式思维形成鲜明对比。
魏晋以后，王叔和整理仲景书时将其更名为《伤寒论》，并开启 '以经释论' 的注释传统。成无己在《注解伤寒论》中引入《黄帝内经》的病因病名体系，将经方的六证辨证讹化为六经辨证：
病名属性转变：仲景书中 '伤寒'' 中风 ''温病' 本为症状反应证名（如太阳病恶寒脉紧为伤寒、发热汗出为中风），成氏注释为 '伤于寒'' 中于风 ''伤于温' 的病因病名，混淆了症状证名与病因病名的本质区别。
辨证逻辑扭曲：经方的 '辨六经（六证）- 辨方证' 诊疗路径被纳入医经的经络脏腑辨证框架，导致后世误将《伤寒论》视为经络辨证专著，掩盖了其基于症状反应的通治方法本质。
'以经释论' 混淆了两大理论体系的原创逻辑，使经方医学的方证辨证体系被医经的病因病机理论遮蔽，造成《伤寒论》长期难以解读。如桂枝汤本为治疗中风证（症状组合）的通治方，被误解为 '辛温散风寒' 的病因对应方，限制了其临床应用。
病因化解读导致 '张仲景未解决温病问题' 的错误认知，引发持续千年的伤寒温病之争。论争双方围绕病因属性（寒 / 热）展开辩论，忽视了经方医学 '据症施治、不限病因' 的核心特质，使学术探讨陷入概念混战。
现代经方家胡希恕明确指出《伤寒论》的六经本质是八纲衍生的六证，提出 '六经来自八纲'' 辨方证是辨证的尖端 '的论断，强调经方辨证的核心是通过症状反应识别六证，进而寻求方证对应。刘渡舟从学术谱系角度揭示张仲景为神农学派传人，主张' 从方证大门而入 ' 解读《伤寒论》，凸显出经方独立于医经的传承脉络。
医史文献研究表明，仲景书原序中 '撰用《素问》《九卷》' 等 23 字为后世混入，否定了经方理论源自医经的传统认知。杨绍伊提出医经与经方 '谱系不同'，岳美中强调两者六经概念 '迥异'，冯世纶梳理了从《神农本草经》到《汤液经法》再到《伤寒杂病论》的经方学术发展脉络，证实其理论建构基于临床经验归纳，而非医经理论演绎。
仲景书不是方剂之祖，是博采众家之长
冯世纶教授在他的一本著作中分析了敦煌医卷《辅行诀脏腑用药法要》的60首方药，与伤寒经方的紧密关联通，用事实力证明了《伤寒》的经方是集成于前人总结，仲景书主要取法于《汤液》，是属于神农本草系统。冯世纶教授指出，敦煌医卷《辅行诀脏腑用药法要》的六十方剂，实际上由三部分组成。在这三部分中可以明显的看出，仲景纳入时去掉了五脏的关联和特色，而是按六经进行了重新排列。
（一）五脏大小补泻方
1.辨肝脏病证治
小泻肝汤：枳实，芍药，生姜。在《伤寒》：去生姜称之为枳实芍散。
大泻肝汤：枳实，芍药，甘草，黄芩，大黄，生姜。在《伤寒》：去甘草，加半夏、柴胡、大枣称之为大柴胡汤。
小补肝汤：桂枝，干姜，五味子，大枣。一方作薯蓣。在《伤寒》：去干姜、五味子，加茯苓、甘草，称之为苓桂枣甘汤。大补肝汤：桂心，干姜，五味子，旋覆花，代赭石（一作牡丹皮），竹叶，大枣（一作薯蓣）。在《伤寒》：去干姜、五味子、旋覆花、代赭石、竹叶称之为苓桂枣甘汤。
2.辨心脏病证方
小泻心汤：龙胆草，栀子，戎盐。
大泻心汤：龙胆草，栀子，苦参，升麻，豉，戎盐。
小补心汤：恬楼，薤白，半夏，白酨浆。在《伤寒》称之为枯楼薤白半夏汤。
大补心汤：恬楼，薤白，半夏，枳实，厚朴，桂枝。在《伤寒》去半夏称之为枳实薤白桂枝汤。
又辨心包病证方
小泻心汤：黄连，黄芩，大黄。在《伤寒》称之为泻心汤方。
大泻心汤：黄连，黄芩，大黄，芍药，甘草，干姜。在《伤寒》去芍药、甘草、干姜称之为泻心汤，去干姜、黄连、黄芩、大黄称之为芍药甘草汤。
小补心汤：代赭石（一作牡丹皮），旋覆花，竹叶，豉（一作山萸肉）。
大补心汤：代赭石（一作牡丹皮），旋覆花，人参，甘草，千姜，竹叶，豉（一作山萸肉）。在《伤寒》去干姜、竹叶、豉，加生姜、半夏、大枣，称之为旋覆花代赭汤。
3.辨脾脏病证方
小泻脾汤：附子，干姜，甘草。在《伤寒》称之为四逆汤。
大泻脾汤：附子，干姜，甘草，黄芩，大黄，枳实。在《伤寒》去枳实、黄芩，称之为四逆汤及大黄甘草汤。
小补脾汤：人参，甘草，干姜，术。在《伤寒》称之为理中汤或理中丸。
大补脾汤：人参，甘草，干姜，术，麦门冬，五味子，旋覆花（一作牡丹皮）。《伤寒》去麦门冬、五味子、旋覆花，变称理中汤。
4.辨肺脏病证方
小泻肺汤：葶苈子，大黄，芍药。在《伤寒》去大黄、芍药，加大枣称之为芎大枣泻肺汤。
大泻肺汤：葶苈子，大黄，芍药，甘草，黄芩，千姜。在《伤寒》去大黄，加大枣，变称葶苈大枣泻肺汤及黄芩汤和甘草干姜汤。
小补肺汤：麦门冬，五味子，旋覆花（一方作细辛）。
大补肺汤：麦门冬，五味子，旋覆花（一作牡丹皮），细辛，地黄，竹叶，甘草。
5.辨肾脏病证方
小泻肾汤：茯苓，黄芩，甘草。
大泻肾汤：茯苓，黄芩，甘草，芍药，干姜。在《伤寒》去茯苓加大枣称之为黄芩汤和甘草干姜汤。
小补肾汤：地黄，竹叶，甘草，泽泻。
大补肾汤：地黄，竹叶，甘草，泽泻，桂枝，干姜，五味子。
6.又泻方五首（以救诸病误治、致生变乱者方）
泻肝汤：救误用吐法。枳实，芍药，代赭石，旋覆花，竹叶。
泻心汤：救误用清下：黄连，黄芩，人参，干姜，甘草。在《伤寒》：去甘草称之为干姜黄连黄芩人参汤。
泻脾汤：救误用冷寒：附子，干姜，麦门冬，五味子，旋覆花。在《伤寒》：去麦门冬、五味子、旋覆花称之为干姜附子汤。
泻肺汤：救误用火法：草子，大黄，生地，竹叶，甘草。
泻肾汤：救误用汗法：茯苓，甘草，五味子，桂枝，生姜。在《伤寒》去五味子称茯苓村草汤。
7.小补五脏方
养生补肝汤：蜀椒，桂枝，韭叶，芍药，芒硝，麻油。
调神补心汤：旋覆花，栗子，葱叶，豉，栀子，人参。
建中补脾汤：甘草，大枣，生姜，饸糖，芍药，桂心。在《伤寒》称之为小建中汤。
宁气补肺汤：麦门冬，五味子，芥子，旋覆花，竹叶，白酨浆。
固元补肾汤：地黄，山药，苦酒，甘草，薤白，干姜。
8.大补五脏方
大补肝汤：养生补肝汤加羊肝。
大调神补心汤：调神补心汤加鸡心。
大建中补脾汤：建中补脾汤加牛肉。
大宁气补肺汤：宁气补肺汤加犬肺。
大固元补肾汤：固元补肾汤加猪肾。
以上有关五脏补泻方共计为39首。其中，药味相同原方出现于《伤寒》的有：栝楼薤白半夏汤、泻心汤、四逆汤、理中汤、小建中汤5方。经加减变化的有：枳实芍药散、大柴胡汤、苓桂枣甘汤、枳实薤白桂枝汤、芍药甘草汤、旋覆花代赭石汤、大黄甘草汤、草大枣泻肺汤、黄芩汤、甘草干姜汤、干姜黄连黄芩人参汤、干姜附子汤、茯苓甘草汤等13方。还有小泻心汤、大补心汤、小补心汤、小补肺汤、大补肺汤、小泻肾汤、小补肾汤、大补肾汤、泻肝汤、泻肺汤以及大小养生补肝汤、调中补心汤、宁气补肺汤、固元补肾汤18方在《伤寒》无对应的方证。这就是说张仲景从五脏补泻方证中，选取了21首，即有一半的方证撰进《伤寒》。
（二）大小二旦六神方
《辅行诀》记载：“陶弘景曰：外感天行，经方之治，有二旦、六神、大小等汤。昔南阳张机，依此诸方，撰为《伤寒论》一部。”具体方证为：
正阳旦汤：桂枝，芍药，生姜，大枣，甘草，饸糖。在《伤寒》称小建中汤。
小阳旦汤：桂枝，甘草，生姜，大枣，芍药。在《伤寒》称桂枝汤。小阴旦汤：黄芩，芍药，甘草，大枣，生姜。在《伤寒》去生姜变称黄芩汤。
大阳旦汤：黄耆，桂枝，芍药，生姜，甘草，大枣，饸糖，人参。在《伤寒》去人参变称黄耆建中汤。
大阴旦汤：柴胡，人参，半夏，生姜，甘草，大枣，黄芩，芍药。在《伤寒》去芍药变称小柴胡汤。
小青龙汤：麻黄，桂枝，杏仁，甘草。在《伤寒》称麻黄汤。
大青龙汤：麻黄，桂枝，杏仁，甘草，生姜，大枣，石膏。在（伤寒》称小青龙汤。
小白虎汤：石膏，知母，甘草，梗米。在《伤寒》称为白虎汤。大白虎汤：竹叶，石膏，半夏，麦门冬，甘草，粳米，生姜。在（伤寒》去生姜加人参称竹叶石膏汤。
小朱鸟汤：黄连，阿胶，芍药，黄芩，鸡子黄。在《伤寒》称之为黄连阿胶鸡子黄汤。
大朱鸟汤：黄连，阿胶，鸡子黃，芍药，黄芩，人参，干姜，苦酒。小玄武汤：茯苓，芍药，生姜，白术，附子。在《伤寒》称之为真武汤。
大玄武汤：茯苓，芍药，生姜，白术，附子，人参，甘草。在《伤寒》去甘草、生姜称之为附子汤。
小勾陈汤：甘草，干姜，人参，大枣。在《伤寒）去人参、大枣称为甘草干姜汤。
大勾陈汤：生姜，甘草，人参，黄连，黄芩，半夏，大枣。在《伤寒》加干姜称之为生姜泻心汤。
小腾蛇汤：枳实，厚朴，芒硝，甘草。在《伤寒》去甘草，加大黄，称之为大承气汤。
大腾蛇汤：枳实，厚朴，芒硝，甘草，大黄，孝子，生姜（一作大枣）。
以上大小、二旦、六神方证共计17个。对照《伤寒》，方证无变化的有：小建中汤、桂枝汤、麻黄汤、小青龙汤、白虎汤、黄连阿胶鸡子黄汤、真武汤等。方证有加减变化的有：黄芩汤、黄耆建中汤、小柴胡汤、竹叶石膏汤、甘草干姜汤、生姜泻心汤、附子汤、大承气汤。惟有大朱鸟汤、大腾蛇汤在《伤寒》没有对应的方证名，但已含小朱鸟汤、小腾蛇汤方证于其中，因此，可以说，张仲景把大小、二旦、六神中的17方证全都撰人了《伤寒》。
（三）开窍救卒死方证
《轴行诀》曰：“陶隐居云：中恶卒死者，皆脏气被壅，致令内外隔绝所致也。仙人有开五窍以救卒死中恶之方五首”。其五方为。
点眼以通肝气方：矾石。
吹鼻以通肺气方：皂角，细辛。
着舌以通心气方：硝石，雄黄。
启喉以通脾气方：赤小豆，瓜蒂，盐，豉。在《伤寒》去盐，称之为瓜蒂散。
熨耳以通肾方：戎盐，豉，葱白。
以上救急方5首中，启喉以通脾气方证，张仲景在《伤寒》撰为瓜蒂散方证。
冯世纶教授指出，从《辅行诀》记载方剂3个部分来看，第一部分五脏补泻方为39首；第二部分大小、二旦、六神为17首；第三部分开窍救卒死方为5首。这样3个部分相加应是61首，但其中第二部分的正阳旦汤与第一部分的建中补脾汤方药组成相同，皆与《伤寒》的小建中汤相同，故其总数为60首。张仲景从60方证中，选用了五脏补泻方证39个中的21个、大小、二旦、六神17个中的15个、开窍救急方证1个，共37个，减去重复的小建中汤则为36个，也就是说，张仲景撰用《汤液》方证中的三分之二为《伤寒》内容。
皇甫谧谓“仲景论广《伊尹汤液》为十数卷，用之多验”，谓论广者，当不外以其个人的学识经验，或间有博采发挥之处，后人以用之多验，更证实其科学性。这里更提示了我们，张仲景依据60个方证，经过精选，并经临床体验，变化为诸多方证，这些在《伤寒》比比皆是，如桂枝加桂汤方证、桂枝加芍药汤方证、桂枝加大黄汤方证、桂枝加附子汤方证……书中可见40多方证，以麻黄汤加减变化的也有30多方证，还有以柴胡、承气、附子类等二十余类变化的方证。
此外，《伤寒》中有不少既不属于《汤液》原方，也不属论广的方证，如崔氏八味丸、当归芍药散等，可知来源于其他经方著作。《汉书·艺文志·方技略》记载经方十一家，张仲景是能看到的，张仲景撰写《伤寒》，其方证来源，博采于众多其他经方方书才是正常的。
冯世纶教授用上面的事实表明，经方与医经的分野本质上是 '症状反应医学' 与 '病因病机医学' 的范式差异：前者立足患病机体的客观反应，通过六证辨证实现方证对应；后者基于人体生理病理的理论建构，通过病因经络辨证指导施治。
'以经释论' 的历史误区启示我们，中医学术理论研究需尊重不同流派的原创逻辑，避免跨体系的概念嫁接。现代经方研究的突破表明，回归临床实证传统，厘清理论边界，是破解经典解读困境、推动中医传承发展的关键路径。
希望更多的中医后学们知道冯世纶教授，并因此学懂伤寒，用好伤寒，让伤寒在新时代焕发出新的勃勃生机，为民众健康做出应有保障。
Feng Shilun, the northern legend of the world of Jingfang
Li Shanju
Editor's note: There are three peaks in the academic field of Treatise on Febrile Diseases in modern China: Hu Xishu, Liu Duzhou, and Ye Juquan. Among the three, Liu Duzhou has the greatest influence in colleges and universities, Hu Xishu has the greatest influence among the people, and Ye Juquan has influence both inside and outside the system. Liu Duzhou is a representative of the viscera and meridian school, Hu Xishu is a representative of the six meridians and eight principles prescription and syndrome school, and Ye Juquan is a representative of the prescription syndrome and drug syndrome school. In addition to his clinical medical skills, Hu Xishu's great influence is also related to his disciple Professor Feng Shilun's lifelong effort to compile and publish Hu Xishu's academic thoughts. Professor Feng Shilun is the hero behind Hu Xishu's world-famous reputation. If you get close to Professor Feng Shilun, you can make the prescription smaller and the herbal medicine less. Professor Feng Shilun uses the efficacy of the classic prescriptions to demonstrate the practicality of the classic prescriptions.
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Appeal from two generations of teachers and students: 'Zhongjing's book has nothing to do with the Neijing'
'Zhongjing's book 'Treatise on Febrile Diseases' has nothing to do with 'Huangdi Neijing'. It was Wang Shuhe and Cheng Wuyi's interpretation of the classics that caused the misunderstanding of later generations. Feng Shilun, a professor at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, a senior doctor at Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital, and a senior Chinese medicine expert at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital, said this. His teacher Hu Shishu also said this when he taught at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. In order to let more people know, he kept holding Jingfang classes in China and abroad, and spent his whole life writing books, writing books, and writing books again, wanting everyone in the world to know Hu Shishu's unique interpretation of 'Treatise on Febrile Diseases'. Two generations of teachers and students spent their whole lives calling for this.
On December 13, 2024, in the family building of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Dongzhimen Hospital, Professor Feng Shilun, who was 87 years old, still looked upset when he said in front of the camera that 'Zhongjing's book has nothing to do with the Neijing'. Too many people think that Hu Shishu said that Zhongjing's book has nothing to do with the Neijing and was against the Neijing. In the real world, Hu Shishu did not oppose the Neijing at all. On the contrary, Hu Shishu often quoted the Neijing in his lectures. Saying that Zhongjing's book has nothing to do with the Neijing was originally intended to convey that 'Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Neijing are two medical systems that cannot be confused.' Because it gave too many people the illusion of opposing the Neijing, Hu Shishu was intentionally or unintentionally excluded and isolated by his colleagues during his lifetime. Many of the Chinese medicine teachers of the same period as Hu Shishu were younger than Hu Shishu and were all directors, but Hu Shishu was still the deputy director until his death. Feng Shilun chose to be Hu Shishu's disciple, and was destined to be looked at differently by others all his life, just like his teacher. Feng Shilun, like his teacher Hu Xishu, has the tragic heroism of a martyr who insists on the truth. In their resilience as they age, they also have the responsibility and commitment of 'who else but me can inherit the classic prescriptions'. It is not easy to be a Chinese medicine practitioner, and it is even more difficult to be a successor of the classic prescriptions.
Professor Feng Shilun's ancestors were from the rural area of Hebei. When he was born, the People's Republic of China had not yet been established. The lack of medical care and medicine in the countryside was his most profound experience during his adolescence. When he was still a teenager, his sister fell ill with pneumonia. He and his bound-foot mother carried his sister and walked more than ten miles away from home to find a doctor. No doctor was able to treat her, and no doctor dared to admit her. After returning home, his sister died within a few days. The pain of his mother losing her daughter was unforgettable to Feng Shilun. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Beijing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (now Beijing University of Chinese Medicine) enrolled students, and Feng Shilun became the first batch of students brought up by famous old Chinese medicine practitioners in Beijing after the founding of the Republic. His teachers were the first batch of Chinese medicine educators in New China, including Tung Chee-hwa, Zhang Zhichun, Fang Yaozhong, Yue Meizhong, Zhao Shaoqin, Liu Duzhou, and Hu Shishu. He eventually chose to be a disciple of Hu Shishu and became the second generation of Chinese medicine practitioners in the national system. Liu Jingyuan, the current master of warm disease, and Wang Daokun, a gastric disease expert at Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, were both classmates of Professor Feng Shilun. When they recalled their student days, they clearly remembered that Feng Shilun and Zhou Xinyou were studying Chinese medicine and practicing martial arts at school. Zhou Xinyou died after being named a national master of Chinese medicine. Zhou Xinyou's father ran a security company. Professor Feng Shilun is 87 years old today, but he looks like a man in his 60s. This is related to his early martial arts practice and his profound attainments in Chinese medicine.
Feng Shilun chose to follow Hu Shishu among many teachers because Hu Shishu's clinical efficacy was very significant, better than that of other people of his time. He was proud of his teacher Hu Shishu and was a firm supporter and follower of Hu Shishu's academic thoughts. In 1959, Wu Boping, the senior brother who played table tennis with Feng Shilun, got atypical pneumonia, had a high fever, spontaneous sweating, night sweats, and cold hands and feet. Many famous doctors consulted four times, but penicillin was ineffective. The light, moderate, and heavy doses of pungent and cool diaphoretics were ineffective, so everyone invited Hu Xishu. After seeing him, Mr. Hu said that the symptoms of the exterior were not obvious, there was sweating, no aversion to cold, bitter mouth and dry throat, alternating chills and fever, and a weak pulse. There were spontaneous sweating and night sweats, which meant that there was internal heat. According to the six meridians, it was a combination of Shaoyang and Yangming, and sweating could not be induced anymore. Xiao Chaihu plus raw gypsum was used, and the fever subsided after half a dose. Because the patient had blood in his sputum, raw oysters were added to the second dose of medicine. After another X-ray, the shadow in the lungs disappeared. This case left a deep impression on Professor Feng Shilun, so when he described the case, everything seemed to have happened yesterday. Throughout Professor Feng Shilun's life, he seemed to be either using classical prescriptions in clinical practice or collating and promoting the lecture recordings and academic thoughts of his mentor Hu Shishu. Without Feng Shilun's diligent and silent efforts, Hu Shishu's classical prescription thoughts would not have been as famous as Liu Duzhou's.
Hu Xishu, also known as Hu Xixu, was born in Dongwuqi Village, Beijiao District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province in March 1898. He studied at Fengtian Provincial No. 1 Middle School from 1915 to 1919. When he was in middle school, his Chinese teacher saw the talents of Hu Xishu and four others. One day, the Chinese teacher said to the students: 'I will tell you about Chinese medicine, you should learn Chinese medicine!' 'Why do we learn that?' The students answered in unison. The Chinese teacher was full of emotion: 'It's so much like my answer to the teacher's advice to study!' It turned out that the Chinese teacher was named Wang Xiangzheng, a native of Leting, Hebei Province. He was a Jinshi trained by the Juren of the Imperial Academy in the late Qing Dynasty. During his study at the Imperial Academy, a certain imperial doctor shared a room with him. Seeing that Wang Xiangzheng was the youngest among the Juren, he was very talented and advised him to study medicine many times, but he always answered: 'Why study that!' Later, he said: 'Not studying medicine is disloyal to the emperor!' Gradually, he studied medicine. The scholar studied medicine, like cutting tofu with a sharp knife, and soon got into it and became interested in medicine. There were students who often sought medical advice from imperial physicians, so the physicians recommended Wang Xiangzheng to see them. He treated many patients with great success and was more meticulous. Wang Xiangzheng passed the imperial examination and unexpectedly became the county magistrate of Changsha, Hunan. He sighed and said, 'Did I learn from Changsha?' After the Revolution of 1911, he went to Shenyang to work as a Chinese teacher at a middle school under his classmate Li Tieshan, and practiced medicine in his spare time. Unexpectedly, his reputation spread far and wide... He saw through the intelligence and talent of Hu Xishu and others, and in order to ensure that the medical skills would not be lost, he made great efforts and decided to let them study medicine to become outstanding successors of Zhongjing's medicine.
Wang Xiangzheng separated the internal organs from the 'Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases' and explained the six meridians with the eight principles. He also advocated combining modern science, inheriting and promoting it. It took him about two years to finish teaching 'Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases'. Among the dozen students, there were two who learned the best, Hu Xishu was one of them, and he took the traditional Chinese medicine examination of Shenyang Municipal Government in 1919 and obtained the certificate of traditional Chinese medicine.
In 1919, Hu Shishu was admitted to Beijing Tongcai Commercial School (the predecessor of Beijing Jiaotong University). He often diagnosed patients and achieved remarkable results. In particular, there was a malaria epidemic that year. Western medicine had no cure and many people sought treatment. He cured every case, but he never thought of practicing medicine. From 1924 to 1927, he worked as an English teacher in Shenyang County Middle School, Liaoyang County Middle School, and Liaoning Provincial Middle School. From 1928 to 1935, he served as the chief of the accounting section of Harbin Electric Power Company, the chief of the business section of the Special Municipal Bureau, and the chief of the business section of the Municipal Government. After Japan occupied Northeast China, he refused to serve the invaders and fled to Beijing in 1936. He had no choice but to practice medicine. He often discussed medical skills with Chen Shenwu and invited Xie Haizhou and others to jointly run a school to teach Chinese medicine. In 1952, the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau approved the establishment of Beijing Private Chinese Medicine School as a pilot for Chinese medicine education. He systematically taught 'Treatise on Febrile Diseases', 'Golden Chamber Synopsis', 'Shennong's Herbal Classic', 'Inner Canon', 'Warm Diseases', etc. He edited the textbooks himself and wrote books such as 'Explanation of Treatise on Febrile Diseases', 'Explanation of Golden Chamber Synopsis', 'Commentary on Warm Diseases', and 'Record of Jinkui Synopsis'. Influenced by Wang Xiangzheng, Hu Xishu did not use viscera to explain the six meridians in 'Treatise on Febrile Diseases'. At the same time, through the study of the original texts of 'Inner Canon' and 'Shennong's Herbal Classic', and referring to Chinese and foreign Chinese medicine literature, he proposed that the six meridians in 'Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Miscellaneous Diseases' were not the viscera and meridians in 'Inner Canon', but a unique concept from the Eight Principles. Hu Xishu ran a school on his own until the establishment of Beijing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 1956, and trained nearly a thousand students.
In 1958, he was transferred to Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine as a professor of internal medicine and consultant of the academic committee of the affiliated hospital. He was busy with clinical practice and teaching, and his reputation was very high. Liu Duzhou, a professor at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, once highly praised Hu Shishu: 'Whenever there is a consultation in the ward, there are many experts and masters, but Mr. Hu can stand out from the crowd. He not only accurately diagnoses the syndrome, but also prescribes and prescribes medicines. Although there are only a few ingredients, they seem ordinary, but the effect is extraordinary and often unexpected. This is all due to the learning of Zhongjing.' Mr. Hu Shishu passed away on March 1, 1984.
From Hu Shishu's life course, we can see that the source of Hu Shishu's academic thoughts respected by Professor Feng Shilun came from the Imperial Hospital of the Qing Dynasty, and he did not say it out of his mind. The Ming and Qing Dynasties were the peak of the development of Chinese medicine. The Imperial Hospital of the Qing Dynasty represented the highest level of Chinese medicine clinical practice at that time. The interpretation methods of the imperial doctors on Treatise on Febrile Diseases are very valuable. If you want to make good use of the classical prescriptions but don't want to learn Hu Shishu's interpretation of Treatise on Febrile Diseases, you are destined to go in the wrong direction.
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